The ketogenic diet shows promise to improve cardiovascular disease in varied mechanisms – Diabetes Diet

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Review

The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases

Damian Dy ´nka , Katarzyna Kowalcze , Anna Charuta and Agnieszka Paziewska *
Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; damian.dynka24@gmail.com (D.D.); katarzyna.kowalcze@uph.edu.pl (K.K.); anna.charuta@uph.edu.pl (A.C.)

• Correspondence: agnieszka.paziewska@uph.edu.pl
• Abstract: The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases
  (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it is worth exploring this aspect of CVD
  prevention and therapy. The aim of this article is to assess the potential of the ketogenic diet in the
  prevention and treatment of CVD. The article is a comprehensive, meticulous analysis of the literature in this area, taking into account the most recent studies currently available.
• The ketogenic diet has been shown to have a multifaceted effect on the prevention and treatment of CVD. Among other aspects, it has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile, even compared to other diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential, which is due, among other factors, to the anti-inflammatory properties of the state of ketosis, the elimination of simple sugars, the restriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acids.
• In addition, ketone bodies provide “rescue fuel” for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also have a beneficial effect on the function of the vascular endothelium, including improving its function and inhibiting premature ageing.
• The ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and other CVD risk factors through, among other aspects, weight loss.
• The evidence cited is often superior to that for standard diets, making it likely that the ketogenic diet shows advantages over other dietary models in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There is a legitimate need for further research in this area.
• Published in 2023 Nutrients MDPI